Representative LC/UV chromatogram under typical analytical conditions (C18 column; mobile phase: 5–100% ACN / H2O (0.05% H3PO4), linear gradient 20 min; flow rate: 0.2 mL/min; detection: 210 nm).
NMR Spectral Data
Representative 1H NMR (500 MHz) spectrum confirming the structure of Atpenin A5. Representative 13C NMR (125 MHz) spectrum supporting structural assignment of Atpenin A5.
Source Organism
Synthetic
Summary
Atpenin A5 is a highly specific mitochondrial complex II inhibitor used in bioenergetics research.
Details
Atpenin A5 is a chlorinated fungal metabolite isolated from Penicillium species. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase), binding to the quinone-binding pocket of succinate dehydrogenase. Atpenin A5 is widely used as a biochemical tool to investigate electron transport chain function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species production, and metabolic reprogramming in mammalian cells. It has also contributed to structural elucidation of the complex II quinone-binding site.