Representative 1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) spectrum confirming the structure of Altenusin. Representative 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) spectrum supporting structural assignment of Altenusin.
Source Organism
Penicillium sp.
Summary
Altenusin is a fungal biphenyl metabolite that inhibits MLCK, PTP1B, and trypanothione reductase and is used in metabolic and antiparasitic research.
Details
Altenusin is a fungal-derived biphenyl metabolite originally isolated as an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase from microbial sources. Subsequent studies demonstrated its inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a regulator of insulin and inflammatory signaling pathways, supporting its potential metabolic and anti-inflammatory relevance. Altenusin also inhibits trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi, a key enzyme in parasite redox metabolism, suggesting antiparasitic potential. Collectively, these findings establish altenusin as a multifunctional natural product enzyme inhibitor targeting phosphorylation-dependent signaling and redox regulatory systems.