Representative LC/UV chromatogram under typical analytical conditions (C18 column; mobile phase: 5–100% ACN / H2O (0.05% H3PO4), linear gradient 20 min; flow rate: 0.2 mL/min; detection: 210 nm).
NMR Spectral Data
Representative 1H NMR (500 MHz) spectrum confirming the structure of Cyclopenin. Representative 13C NMR (125 MHz) spectrum supporting structural assignment of Cyclopenin.
Source Organism
Penicillium sp.
Summary
Cyclopenin is a benzodiazepine alkaloid that inhibits NF-κB signaling and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Details
Cyclopenin is a benzodiazepine alkaloid produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species and belongs to the cyclopenin-cyclopenol metabolite family. Recent studies demonstrate that cyclopenin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) in vitro at submicromolar concentrations and suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation, reducing nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In cellular models, it downregulates iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression and ameliorates inflammation-associated phenotypes. Cyclopenin thus functions as a dual anti-inflammatory and antiviral scaffold with value in chemical biology and drug discovery research.