Representative LC/UV chromatogram under typical analytical conditions (C18 column; mobile phase: 5–100% ACN / H2O (0.05% H3PO4), linear gradient 20 min; flow rate: 0.2 mL/min; detection: 210 nm).
NMR Spectral Data
Representative 1H NMR (500 MHz) spectrum confirming the structure of Curvularin. Representative 13C NMR (125 MHz) spectrum supporting structural assignment of Curvularin.
Source Organism
Penicillium sp.
Summary
Curvularin is a fungal macrolactone polyketide acting as an RhlR quorum-sensing antagonist.
Details
Curvularin is a 12-membered macrolactone polyketide produced by various fungi including Penicillium and Phoma species. It selectively antagonizes the RhlR quorum-sensing regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at low micromolar concentrations, suppressing pyocyanin and rhamnolipid production without impairing bacterial growth. By targeting RhlR rather than LasR, curvularin reduces virulence even in lasR-mutant strains and attenuates pathogenicity in Caenorhabditis elegans infection models. Beyond quorum-sensing inhibition, curvularin and its derivatives display antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, making it a valuable scaffold for anti-virulence drug development and quorum-sensing research.